History of New Jersey

 New Jersey and the Revolutionary War

1763 - England passed the Stamp Act; Gov. William Franklin became New Jersey's last royal governor

1765 - New Jersey appointed delegates to the Stamp Act Congress

1774

  • New Jersey's First Provincial Congress met in New Brunswick (July) to select delegates to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia
  • New Jersey sent delegates to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia (September 5) - sent grievances to king
  • Tea Party at Greenwich (December 12) in Cumberland County; tea taken from British ship Greyhound and burned

1775

  • Battles of Lexinton and Concord (April 19)
  • New Jersey sent delegates to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia (May 10)
  • New Jersey Legislature (Royal Assembly) met for the last time, December 6 to 10

1776

  • Gov. William Franklin removed from office by Second Provincial Congress (May)
  • New Jersey sent five delegates (Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark) to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia; they voted for the Declaration of Independence
  • Thomas Paine published The Crisis, written in Trenton
  • New Jersey adopted its first State Constitution by which women, aliens, Native Americans and free blacks, worth fifty pounds, had the right to vote
  • Provincial Congress changed its name to the "Convention of the State of New Jersey" (July 18)
  • William Livingston appointed the first state governor and inaugurated in Nassau Hall, Princeton
  • Battle of Long Island (August 1776)
  • Fort Washington (November 16) is lost to the British
  • Gen. George Washington evacuated Fort Lee (November 20) to safety across the Hackensack and across New Jersey
  • Withdrawal of Washington's army across New Jersey (November 21 to December 8); Washington cross the Delaware River; Hessians reach Princeton and Trenton
  • First Battle of Trenton (December 26) - Washington crossed the Delaware and surprised the Hessians; Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emmanuel Leutze
  • Washington returned to Pennsylvania

1777

  • Second Battle of Trenton (January 2)
  • Battle of Princeton - Washington's troops defeated British (January 3)
  • Washington encamped at Morristown (January to May); Jockey Hollow and Ford's Mansion
  • Battle of Red Bank (October 22)
  • Washington and his troops encamp at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (December-May)
  • Isaac Collins prints the first newspaper in New Jersey, the "Constitutional Gazette," a weekly
  • New Jersey state seal is approved at the Indian King Tavern in Haddonfield

1778

  • Battle of Monmouth (June 28) and story of Molly Pitcher;
  • Washington established his winter headquarters at the Wallace House in Somerville
  • Continental Army encamped at Middlebrook, New Jersey, for winter

1779

  • Major Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee led a successful attack on the garrison at Paulus Hook, held by the British since 1776, but failed to capture it for patriots;
  • Washington and his troops move to Morristown to spend one of the worst winters of the century

1779-80

  • Major Henry Lee attacks the British fort at Paulus Hook (August 19), now Jersey City
  • Continental Army encamped again at Jockey Hollow (Morristown)
  • Washington stayed at Ford Mansion; story of Wick House (Morristown National Historic Park)

1780

  • Battle of Connecticut Farms (June 6) at present-day Union
  • Battle of Springfield (June 23); story of Rev. James and Hannah Caldwell
  • Washington sets up headquarters at Dey Mansion (July 1-8) in Wayne

1781

  • Continental Army left New Jersey

1783

  • Washington established his headquarters at an estate known as Rockingham, near Princeton (August 23-November 10); here Washington wrote his "Farewell Address to the Army"; the house has been moved from its original location to the border of the Delaware and Raritan State Park
  • The Continental Congress met at Nassau Hall, Princeton, temporarily making it the nation's capital (June 30 to November 20)
  • Washington writes his farewell address to his troops at Rockingham (November 2)

1787

  • New Jersey sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia;
  • William Paterson proposed his New Jersey Plan at the Convention;
  • New Jersey was the third state to ratify the Federal Constitution
  • John Fitch demonstrated the first steamboat on the Delaware River; he received patent in 1791